Many PCR variants have been proposed that exploit the enzymatic activity of polymerase in vitro to dramatically increase the number of replicates for selected DNA fragments. In all versions, the basic mechanism involves a repetitive cycling of denaturation. PCR applications support screening efforts in prenatal and parental testing, tissue typing, phylogenics, forensics, and oncogenics as well as in infection disease characterization and detection. High-quality PCR amplification performance relies on the drastic suppression of artifacts, bias and chimeras. Artifacts are genes that did not exist in the start-up PCR mixture that, nevertheless, loom during the DNA fingerprinting process. Moreover, certain PCR process factors, if not optimally adjusted, tend to overturn the initial gene ratio causing bias. Chimeras primarily appear due to either template-switching in DNA formation or annealing partlyextended primers. PCR process dynamics are reputed to be notoriously complex and application specific – innately interfering with the mechanism that regulates the amplicon count performance. Therefore, the main focus has been on maximizing amplicon count resolution from direct yet ‘quick-and-easy’ experimentation without relinquishing economic efficiency. An ideal strategy for such an endeavor to be viable has to accomplish screening and finetuning of the examined controlling factors in a single step. The proposed technique should be harmoniously robust and assumption-free enabling the harnessing of the uncertainty for the fingerprinting process. Cobb and Clarkson and Caetano-Anolles were among the first researchers that sought to borrow cost-effective ‘screeningand-optimization’ techniques from industrial quality control in order to improve DAF processes. Core feature was the implementation of Taguchi methods to design and translate small but dense datasets utilizing orthogonal arrays . Orthogonal arrays are special tools for planning smart trials. OAs are part of the broader area of fractional factorial designs. FFDs are instrumental for the data design and generation stages in the domain of conducting scientific experiments. OAs are routinely used for minimizing resources and turnaround time in circumstances where either innovative experimentation or product/process improvement projects are in progress without meanwhile surrendering vital information. This tactic has also been experienced in areas less traditional in deploying structured OA-experimentation, such as for example in forensic science. To reach to robust decisions, equally important is the analysis procedure for the Sorafenib OAcollected data in the DOE framework. Implementation issues in DOE studies as well as their diverse applications in the fields of industry and engineering have been comprehensively researched. For applications in biotechnology in particular, there is also an extensive account about the strengths and the weaknesses of Taguchi-related DOE methods. Recent studies provide a promising glimpse about how to optimize molecular assays for PCR processes in several circumstances that include investigations of venous thromboembolism, identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringen.