The question is whether GAGs can be used as a therapeutic target in patients affected by amyloid-associated diseases or whether they are deleterious to health because they increase the fibril load. In fact, promoting formation of intracellular amyloid inclusions in Parkinson��s and Huntington��s disease may protect against pathological damage or may enhance oxidative stress by promoting cell death . Rice, one of the world��s most important food crops is (+)-JQ1 customer reviews attacked by insect pests totalling around 800 species, in both field and storage . One of the most economically important insects is the brown planthopper which can cause huge destruction of plants. China and Vietnam, two of the largest rice producing countries, suffered large production losses due to BPH attack in 2005 and 2006 . BPH damaged plants directly by removal of plant sap but also indirectly by transmission of rice viruses such as ragged stunt virus and grassy stunt virus . Extensive chemical control of BPH on rice can cause serious problems including toxicity to natural enemies of BPH such as Anagrus nilaparvatae , increased total production cost, and possible long term agro-ecosystem and human health damage . Breeding programmes to develop rice varieties resistant to insect pests should therefore complement or replace conventional control strategies. More than 19 major BPH Staurosporine resistance loci have already been identified in rice cultivars and wild species located on at least 5 different chromosomes. Some of these resistance loci have already been successfully used as parents for breeding programs, and include rice varieties Mudgo , ASD7 , Rathu Heenathi and Babawee . Although many resistance loci have already been discovered, not all can be used to protect the rice plant from BPH attack . At the heart of the problem is the ability of sap-feeding insects to overcome the many adaptations that plants have evolved as protection. The complex interaction between sap-feeding pests and their host plants has only recently begun to be understood, and it is clear that the pathway from host location to sustained ingestion of phloem sap can be interrupted at several points, potentially allowing many different types of resistance.