Rare clones with improved solubility characteristics and able to form stable complexes with a co-expressed bait are isolated from the random library using a high-throughput, automated screening workflow based upon commonly accessible robotic systems. The level of coverage of construct diversity far exceeds that of standard high throughput cloning strategies and has particular advantages when the information on the target does not permit design of expression constructs. Although this method was designed to identify stable binary protein complexes, analysis of multiple subunit complexes could easily be achieved by combining the library vector with systems for simultaneous expression of several other subunits e.g. the multicassette ACEMBL system, the multi-plasmid pET-DUET system or polycistronic pST44. Additionally, other types of partner such as chaperones for enhancing protein folding or modifying enzymes such as phosphatase and kinases can be expressed from the bait vector and will provide additional tools for challenging, difficult-to-express proteins. Ash is a dominant tree species in many urban and forest landscapes of North America. The emerald ash borer, which is indigenous to Eastern Asia has killed millions of ash trees since its accidental introduction to NA, primarily in the Midwestern United States and Southeastern Ontario. Larvae feed on phloem and outer xylem of trees of all sizes, girdling the tree and ultimately killing it within 1�C4 years after symptoms become apparent. Black, green, and white ash are known to be highly susceptible, while blue ash appears to be less preferred. If the pattern of invasion continues, A. planipennis has the potential to decimate ash throughout NA with substantial economic and ecological impact. Conversely, A. planipennis is not reported to be a major pest in Asia, where Manchurian ash is a primary host. In a MDV3100 915087-33-1 common garden experiment, Manchurian ash was found to be much more resistant to A. planipennis than were NA green and white ash, perhaps by virtue of the co-evolutionary history shared by A. planipennis and Manchurian ash. Phloem tissue of Manchurian ash was found to have high constitutive concentrations of phenolic-based hydroxycoumarins, phenylethanoids and calceloariosides, which may contribute to its resistance to A. planipennis. Second generation sequencing technologies have been applied to a wide variety of studies such as transcriptome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism discovery, mutation mapping, alternative splicing identification etc.. In particular, gene discovery via transcriptome analysis has greatly BIBW2992 helped in genomic analysis of several non-model organisms including plants viz.,Cucumis sativus, Eucalyptus grandis, Castanea dentate and C. mollisima and Pinus contorta.