Where it assembles into nanotubes and may be associated with VgrG at the tip to puncture the membrane and allow tube extension outwards into the extracellular space. We previously reported that secretion of EvpC and EvpI are mutually dependent and mutation of either one of them leads to the absence of EvpP in the supernatant. Based on our mechanical fractionation study and secretion assay it is tempting to speculate that the interactions between EvpC and EvpI might be disrupted in these mutants causing the abolition of secretion. Notably, both the N-terminal and C-terminal residues are exposed in the hexameric tube of EvpC which makes them available for engaging with other molecules. Moreover our results showed that none of these EvpC mutants showed any defect in the secretion of T3SS proteins such as EseB and EseC. Thus EvpC being one of the secreted proteins of T6SS does not seem to cross-talk with secreted proteins involved in T3SS. In conclusion, EvpC homologs are widely found among a number of pathogenic bacterial species and represent a new class of secreted apparatus proteins. Understanding the role of EvpC will provide a significant step forward in resolving the T6SS mechanism. This study uncovers the critical role of negatively charged N-terminal residues and the Cterminal positively charged residues in the secretion of EvpC. Impairing the secretion of EvpC will decrease the virulence of the pathogenic bacteria. This may lead to the development of novel strategies to restrict the T6SS-containing pathogenic bacteria. Most importantly, rice is a vital source of calories as a food crop. Cereals are the primary source of energy for over 50% of the global population, of which rice is the third largest contributor. The global dependence on rice has led to the development of thousands of varieties with large genetic and morphological diversity. Rice is structured into several well-defined gene pools via the subspecies classification of indica, japonica, andaus. This classification was recently confirmed with the genome resequencing of 20 representative varieties and subsequent documentation of single nucleotide polymorphisms, referred to as the OryzaSNP set. Across and within each classification, rice contains significant diversity in plant architecture and growing habits, and in grain phenotypes such as width, weight, cooking properties, aroma, and texture. The extensive phenotypic and genotypic variation within the OryzaSNP set makes these varieties a powerful tool to study rice chemical diversity such that Staurosporine citations methods can be developed to enhance health promoting qualities of rice. Metabolites present in the rice grain have demonstrated human disease protective activities following dietary intake, and also have beneficial effects on the immune system. Specific rice components, such as phenolics, vitamin E, phytosterols, and linolenic acid, have nutrient value to human health. Phenolic bioactivity is largely due to the efficiency of donating hydrogen atoms to oxygen radicals, a process associated with anticancer activity.