In this manuscript the first comparative study is presented of glycoprotein sets derived from five phylogenetically diverse insect species. Since earlier reports have shown that the dominant glycan structures in the model insect D. melanogaster were of the pauci-mannose N-glycan type, the mannose-binding lectin GNA was used in this study to capture insect glycoproteins. However, the percentage of proteins retained on the GNA column was found to be less than 5% of the total protein for the different insect species, suggesting that the number of identified glycoproteins is probably an underestimation of the actual number of glycoproteins. One important reason to explain the low percentage of glycoproteins may be that glycoproteins containing complex glycan structures are more abundant in insects than currently believed, as was recently also shown for Drosophila. In addition, the identification of glycoproteins also depends on the quality of the insect databases. As illustrated in Table 1, the number of putative protein sequences present in the different insect databases is highly variable, which may indicate differences in the degree of completion between the insect databases. Subsequently, this will influence protein identification. In fear conditioning, a neutral stimulus, usually a light or a tone, is presented in conjunction with an aversive event, typically footshock. After pairing, the CS acquires aversive properties and will, when presented alone, elicit a host of species-typical defense responses, including freezing, alterations in autonomic nervous system activity, neuroendocrine responses and potentiation of reflexes. It is now well established that different aspects of fear memory are distributed in multiple brain memory systems. Cerebellar cortex participates to learned fear. Lesions of the cerebellar vermis affect conditioned fear responses without altering baseline motor/autonomic responses in animals and humans. Reversible inactivation of the vermis during the consolidation period impairs subsequent retention of fear memory. In humans, cerebellar areas around the vermis are activated during mental recall of emotional personal episodes, if a loved partner receives a pain stimulus, and during learning of the association between sensory stimuli and noxious events. It has been proposed that cerebellum learns and retains fear memories in order to set the more appropriate responses to a new stimuli and/or situations. In the cerebellar cortex, fear learning induces a synaptic strengthening at the parallel fibres to Purkinje cells synapses strictly related to associative processes. This synaptic strengthening is i) specifically related to associative Talazoparib PARP inhibitor processes, since it is not present in subjects that received the stimuli in a temporally uncorrelated manner, ii) localized to vermal lobules V and VI, an area that receives convergence of acoustic and nociceptive stimuli and it is related.