We aim to investigate the correlation between ICA modifications and glaucoma development and to identify the cause of susceptibility to glaucoma. This work is based on the notion that there are biomarkers of glaucoma common to humans and dogs, consistent with involvement of the same causal genes in the two species. This study thus provides an illustration of the “one disease, one medicine” concept, to the mutual benefit of humans and dogs. The increased possibility of pharmacologically treating chronic illnesses has resulted in the prescription of a high number of drugs to many individual older patients with complex co-morbidities. This increases the potential for drug-disease and drug-drug interactions. A high number of prescribed drugs for any one individual has also been associated with an increased risk of inappropriate prescribing, medication errors, and noncompliance with treatment. The administration of $5 drugs at once is a common definition of polypharmacy. In Sweden, all patients $75 years of age who are prescribed $5 drugs are, according to national guidelines, subject to an annual mandatory medication review by a general practitioner, pharmacist or nurse; similarly, in Australia, the use of $5 NVP-BEZ235 PI3K inhibitor regular drugs is one of the criteria for determining a patient’s eligibility for home medicines review. However, more important than the actual number of prescribed drugs, is the quality of the prescribed drug treatment. Inappropriate, or suboptimal, prescribing may be prescribing of more drugs than are clinically needed or prescribing drugs incorrectly by prescribing the wrong drug, dose or frequency, but it may also be a failure to prescribe drugs that are needed. In fact, the issue of underprescribing is often overlooked and the underuse of medications is common in patients, whether they are taking few or many medications. There are a number of validated and well-studied tools for measuring the quality of prescribing. Two examples are the Screening Tool Of Older People’s potentially inappropriate Prescriptions and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment. These comprise sets of criteria for identification of overor misprescribing and underprescribing. Pharmacists, when integrated in the health care team, can help promote appropriate prescribing, and clinical pharmacist interventions have shown positive effects on overprescribing as well as mis- and underprescribing in hospitalized patients. However, to our knowledge, differences in the effects of clinical pharmacist intervention on clinical outcomes between patients taking few or many drugs, or between those with a high or low level of inappropriate prescribing have not been analyzed. Our research group has previously demonstrated that the addition of a pharmacist to the health-care team at an acute internal medicine hospital ward reduces visits to the emergency department by 47%, revisits to hospital by 16%, and drug-related readmissions by 80% for patients aged $80 years.