Nestlings with brighter red mouths are provided with polysomes universities should discipline academics who sign ghostwritten articles

In the germline cells of the Drosophila ovary there appear to be no conventional P bodies, but instead a higher order structure known as sponge bodies. Sponge ICG-001 bodies were first described as cytoplasmic sites at which the Exuperantia protein, which acts in mRNA localization, is highly concentrated. Subsequently, a number of other proteins with roles in post-transcriptional control of gene expression have been shown to colocalize with Exu. Notably, the sponge body proteins include homologs of multiple P body components, and sponge bodies are largely devoid of ribosomes. Sponge bodies and P bodies do not appear to be equivalent, as sponge bodies include cisternae and vesicles while no membrane is found in the P body-like GW182 bodies. However, it does seem likely that sponge bodies represent a membrane-based framework upon which RNPs similar or equivalent to P bodies are positioned. By analogy to mammalian cells and to cultured Drosophila cells, these sponge body RNPs would be an expected site of miRNA action. Nevertheless, ghost authorship and the corrupting effects of covert financial support must cease. Only three of eight rimonabant review articles disclosed corporate sponsorship; two authors specifically denied conflicts. Lack of disclosure prevents readers from judging the credibility of an author. Medical journals should require stronger author disclosure procedures. This behavior should be regarded as unethical misconduct. More broadly, researchers with conflicts of interest should not be allowed to sit on guideline committees and regulatory boards. Corporate funding of CME programs and review articles should be abolished. Body or ornament colour reflects underlying physiology in several species. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed description of a quality-controlled small-scale production of a bacteriophage preparation, leading to a safety trial in burn wound patients, which was approved by a leading Belgian ethical committee. The aim of this manuscript was therefore not to produce a commercial product, or to assess regulatory aspects of phage therapy, but merely implementing a small step in the further evaluation of phage therapy in Western medicine. Together with European experts, we are currently in the process of creating a discussion platform that could act as one of the interlocutors with the regulatory authorities for the creation of a specific regulatory framework and appropriate production standards for phage therapy. Another, equally important objective is to help provide the necessary studies to enable a coherent use of phage therapy. Moreover, these colour cues are perceived by conspecifics and used as social and sexual signals. Red colouration, based on haemoglobin, is thought to provide signals of physiological state in birds. Blood perfusion causes red colouration in the mouths of canary nestlings. The gape becomes redder as the level of food deprivation increases.

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